Mintzberg's Five Types of Organizational Structure
by Neil Kokemuller
Henry Mintzberg is a renowned management theorist who developed a list of five basic organizational types. He identified the various organizations as a result of their blend of strategy, environmental forces and the organizational structure. The five organizational types are entrepreneurial, machine, professional, divisional and innovative.
An entrepreneurial company has a looseorganizational structure and is typically driven byentrepreneurial-minded or creative types of leaders. Startup companies managed by theirfounders commonly exemplify this organizationaltype. Forward-thinking ideals, energy andenthusiasm are common strengths. Limitedstructure, poor task discipline, inefficiency andcontrolling management are potential drawbacksor risks if emphasis isn't placed on defined workprocesses.
Machine
Mintzberg labeled a highly bureaucratic organization as being like a "machine." Government agencies and othertypes of large, set-in-their-ways corporations epitomizethis style. While structure, consistency and longevity arestrengths, limited openness to new perspectives andinefficiencies resulting from bureaucratic processes arecommon deficiencies.
Professional
The professional organization type has a similar level of bureaucracy to the machine type. However, it is characterized by a high degree of professional, competent knowledge workers who drive the economicengine. These technically skilled workers usually havespecialized skills and autonomy in their work, makingfor more decentralized decision making than is prevalent in the machine type.
Divisional
A divisional structure is most common in largecorporations with multiple business units and productlines. In some cases, companies divide their businessesand products into divisions to promote specificmanagement of each division. Centralized control is common in this format with divisional vice presidentsoverseeing all facets of the work within their respectivedivisions.
Innovative
An organizational type that allows for cutting-edgeleadership is the innovative type. This is common in new industries or with companies that want to becomeinnovative leaders. Decentralized decision making is a key trait as talent leaders are allowed to makejudgments with efficiency in mind. The potential forleadership conflict and uncertainty over authority are drawbacks.
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